Resumo Neste artigo, discutimos a resiliência do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) diante da pandemia da COVID-19. Para análise, utilizamos as categorias analíticas propostas pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) para análise de sistemas de saúde: (i) liderança e governança, (ii) financiamento, (iii) produtos estratégicos para saúde, (iv) força de trabalho, (v) informação em saúde e (vi) prestação de serviços. Para explorar a prestação de serviços e adaptá-la ao contexto brasileiro, subdividimos o bloco correspondente em 5 sub-blocos: (i) ações de saúde pública e vigilância, (ii) atenção primária em saúde; (iii) atenção especializada e hospitalar, (iv) urgência e emergência, e (v) saúde digital. Procedemos a uma consulta não sistemática à literatura científica e a documentos oficiais publicados por órgãos governamentais brasileiros e internacionais de saúde, visando obter dados relacionadas à organização de sistemas de saúde frente a emergências em saúde pública.

Abstract This article discusses the resilience of the Brazilian National Health System (SUS) in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. The analytical categories proposed by the World Health Organization were adopted to analyze the health system’s: (i) leadership and governance, (ii) financing, (iii) strategic health products, (iv) workforce, (v) health Information, and (vi) provision of services. To explore the provision of services and adapt it to the Brazilian context, we subdivided the corresponding block into five sub-blocks: (i) public health and surveillance actions, (ii) primary health care; (iii) specialized and hospital care, (iv) urgency and emergency, and (v) digital health. We conducted a non-systematic consultation of scientific literature and official documents published by Brazilian government agencies and international health organizations to obtain data related to the organization of health systems in the face of public health emergencies.

Resumen En este artículo, discutimos la resiliencia del Sistema Único de Salud (SUS) ante la pandemia de COVID-19. Para el estudio utilizamos las categorías analíticas propuestas por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) para análisis de sistemas de salud: (i) liderazgo y gobernanza, (ii) financiación, (iii) productos estratégicos para la salud, (iv) fuerza de trabajo, (v) información en salud y (vi) prestación de servicios. Para explorar la prestación de servicios y adaptarla al contexto brasileño, subdividimos el bloque correspondiente en 5 subbloques: (i) acciones de salud pública y vigilancia, (ii) atención primaria en salud; (iii) atención especializada y hospitalaria, (iv) urgencia y emergencia, y (v) salud digital. Procedemos a una consulta no sistemática a la literatura científica y a documentos oficiales publicados por órganos gubernamentales brasileños e internacionales de salud, con el objetivo de obtener datos relacionados a la organización de sistemas de salud frente a emergencias de salud pública.

Abstract Treatment of orthopedic infections usually requires prolonged antimicrobial therapy, ranging from 14 days up to 6 months. Nowadays, rising levels of antimicrobial resistance demands parenteral therapy for many patients. Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) is a modality that allows treatment out of hospital in these situations. In Brazil, where a public universal healthcare system allows full coverage for all citizens, implantation and dissemination of OPAT programs would be beneficial for patients and for the system, because it would allow a better allocation of health resources. The Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da USP (IOT) started, in July 2013, a partnership with municipal health authorities in Sao Paulo, Brazil, in order to initiate an OPAT program in which patients discharged from that hospital would be able to continue antimicrobial therapy at primary care facilities. When necessary, patients could also receive their therapy at the day-hospital located at IOT. Primary care nursing and physician staff were trained about antimicrobial infusion and peripherally inserted central catheter manipulation. An OPAT specific antimicrobial protocol was designed and a special reference and counter-reference organized. As a result, 450 primary healthcare professionals were trained. In the first year of this program, 116 patients were discharged for OPAT. Chronic and acute osteomyelitis were most frequent diagnosis. Teicoplanin, ertapenem and tigecycline were the most used drugs. Duration of treatment varied from 10 to 180 days (average 101, median 42). Total sum of days in OPAT regimen was 11,698. Only 3 patients presented adverse effects. Partnership between services of different levels of complexity allowed implantation of a safe and effective public healthcare OPAT program for treatment of orthopedic infections. This program can serve as a model for developing similar strategies in other regions of Brazil and Latin America.